Understanding Materials in Mass Haul Analyses
When performing earthwork computations and generating mass earthwork or mass haul reports, earthen materials are considered to be, and must be identified as being in one of the following three density states as their volumes are reported:
- Bank - Also known as "in situ", this term refers to an earthen material’s density state in its natural, or pre-existing condition, prior to its excavation from that undisturbed state during construction activities.
This term can also be used as an adjective in qualifying the representation of the volume of such an undisturbed material, whether resulting from measurement or computation, in order to clarify the general condition under which that material is presumed to have existed during that measurement, or as the basis for its volume computation.
- Loose - This term refers to an earthen material’s density state, after having been excavated and loosely placed into a stockpile, or into some container for the purpose of transporting it from one location to another during routine earthmoving operations.
The similar term loose haulage can also be used as an adjective in qualifying the representation of a loose material’s volume measurement or computation, in order to clarify the general condition under which that material is presumed to have existed during that measurement, or as the basis for its volume computation.
- Compacted - This term refers to an earthen material’s density state, after having been placed in to fully compacted earth fill at the specified level of compaction or density.
This term can also be used as an adjective in qualifying the representation of the volume of such a fully compacted material, whether the result of measurement or computation, in order to clarify the general condition under which that material is presumed to have existed during that measurement, or as the basis for its volume computation.
A material’s density state has a significant impact on its volume. For more information, see the document entitled BC-HCE Earthen Material Density Volume States in the Community.
Earthen materials can be defined in the Material and Site Improvement Manager and used in a corridor mass haul analysis or site mass haul analysis. When a material is created you can specify
- the shrinkage and bulkage factors which allow for volumes to be adjusted depending on if they are being hauled or used as fill.
- a percentage of the material that is usable. Usable material can be used as fill. Unusable material is dumped at waste sites.
Some earthen materials can be processed at processing sites and converted to earthen select materials. For example, rock cut from the ground can be crushed and used as fill in the subbase of a corridor.
Materials in Corridor Mass Haul
Native In-Situ Material
To use a single cut material, specify the Native Material when you create a corridor.
To use a corridor strata to determine the cut material (if you have access to strata surfaces or boring log data), specify the Original ground surface for the corridor and use the Define Corridor Strata and the Create Corridor Boring Log commands. View the corridor properties to confirm a strata is used. Make sure the Native Material is disabled and the Strata definition method displays either Surfaces or Boring Logs depending on the method used to define the strata.
Note: If the Original ground material selected for the corridor is different to the Original ground surface selected in the corridor strata definition then the Native Material defined for the corridor is used and the Strata definition method in the properties of the corridor displays Invalid.
Note: Earthen (select) materials are typically processed offsite and/or then purchased as fill materials, so (unlike earthen (mass earthworks) materials) they are not applicable to select and use as native, in-situ materials.
Fill material
Where possible, the usable cut material will be used as fill. If there are multiple cut materials (a corridor strata has been defined) the material that has the largest haul compaction factor (the material that is most expensive to haul) is used first.
To use a specific material as fill for a corridor:
- Define the fill material either in:
- the Fill material box in the corridor properties.
- the Corridor Template Editor using the Material above list. See help topic Create Corridor Template Instructions.
Note: If the Fill material setting for the corridor is set to undefined, and there is not any fill material specified in the template editor any material can be used as fill for the corridor.
Note: Material sets can be created in the Material and Site Improvement Manager and used to specify the corridor fill material. Material sets list all materials that can be used as fill. The Corridor Mass Haul determines the most appropriate material/s to use in each instance.
- When you create a Corridor Mass Haul Analysis, in the Fill Materials group select the button. This makes sure only specified fill material is used. If you select Respect defined fill materials, only individual material ordinates can be balanced. You cannot balance the usable and unusable ordinate.
Note: If Use generic fill materials is selected, any material can be used as fill for the corridor even when you have specified a fill material using one of the above methods.
Corridor mass haul will fill to the highest surface defined in the template.
Importing Material
When an import site is created, make sure:
- the volume of usable and unusable material is in its compacted state.
- you specify the type of material imported. In the Create Mass Haul Import pane, click .
If the material at the import is undefined the Fill Material specified for the corridor is used.
Note: When material is imported, the amount of usable and unusable material is determined from the import site properties not from the usable percentage specified for the material in the Material and Site Improvement Manager.
Borrow Material
When a borrow site is created, make sure:
- the volume of material is in its compacted state.
- you specify the type of material at the borrow site. In the Create Earthworks Site pane, click . In the Materials column select the material you have created in the Material and Site Improvement Manager.
If the material at the borrow site is undefined the Fill Material specified for the corridor is used.
Note: In corridor mass haul, borrow material is 100% usable. The usable percentage defined for the borrow material in the Material Site Improvement Manager is not used.
Hauling Material
The cost to haul the cut material or borrow material is computed from the loose haul volume.
Waste Material
The capacity at the waste site can be used for usable and unusable material.
All material types can be dumped at a waste site.
The volume of material dumped is a compacted amount. The physical amount of loose material at the waste site is the reported compacted amount divided by the haul compaction multiplication factor defined for the material.
Exporting Material
When an export site is created, make sure:
- the capacity is in its compacted state.
- you specify the type of material exported. In the Create Mass Haul Export pane, click .
The volume of material exported is a compacted amount.
Note: When you export undefined materials, you are simply asked for the quantity of material that is usable, not a breakdown by specific material. If you want a certain material to be exported, you need to specify that; otherwise an undefined export means any and all usable material counts in the total exported volume.
Warnings
In the Mass Haul Diagram, surplus or deficit volumes are compacted.
Materials in Site Mass Haul
In situ Material
Specify the native (in situ) material using the Create Site Mass Haul Analysis command or the Edit Site Mass Haul Analysis command in Site Mass Haul > Analysis. If a native material is not defined shrinkage and bulkage is not applied to in situ material.
Borrowing Material
The capacity of the borrow pit and the volume of material borrowed is a compacted amount. All material at the borrow site is usable.
To use a single borrow material through out the site, specify the borrow material using the Create Site Mass Haul or Edit Site Mass Haul command and create a borrow site using an undefined material type.
You can use multiple borrow materials by defining the material available at the borrow site when you create the site. To edit borrow materials at a borrow site, select a borrow site in the Plan view or Project explorer, right click and select Edit from the menu. Define the materials available at the borrow site, the usable volume (compacted state) and the cost of the individual material. If material remains undefined at the borrow site, the borrow material defined in the Earthen Materials section of the Edit Site Mass Haul Analysis pane is used. If this borrow material is also undefined then shrinkage and bulkage is not applied for the volume of undefined borrow material.
Hauling Material
Costs for hauling material are based on the loose haul volume.
Waste Material
The capacity of the waste site and the volume of material dumped is a compacted amount. Both usable and unusable material may be dumped at a waste site.
Excess/Deficit
The excess or deficit reported for the site mass haul is a compacted amount.
